target by which

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "target by which" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when specifying a particular goal or objective that is being aimed for or measured against. Example: "The target by which we will evaluate our success is the increase in customer satisfaction scores."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

10 human-written examples

No, the point of comparison is the target by which each country agrees to reduce their emissions.

The Guardian

A likely target by which early-life environmental events dictate disease susceptibility is through epigenetic programming.

Environmental Health Perspectives

This clearly shows that universally accepted hemodynamic target by which fluid therapy should be tailored is missing.

BioMed Research International

Recent studies indicate that apoptotic cell death is another important target by which temperature may affect long-term outcome in various models of CNS injury.

Critical Care

Together with published data about potential effect of KLKs on ovarian cancer proliferation, these data strongly suggest that KLK10 is a candidate downstream target by which miRNA can affect ovarian cancer proliferation, although further experimental validation is required.

British Journal of Cancer

The deactivation of the AKT-pathway through an upregulation of PTEN and down-regulation of DJ-1 represents an additional target by which lovastatin possibly regulates tumor cell survival and progression.

Breast Cancer Research

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

50 human-written examples

However, no lists of miR-148a target genes contained MMP7, thus validating the reliability of the conventional laboratory-based experimental strategy for miRNA target prediction, by which crucial target genes were detected-genes, which online target prediction could not detect.

Cancer Science

Mr. Corbat has also given investors precise targets by which to judge him.

The New York Times

Pricewise, the associated products would be held just out of easy reach, setting new targets by which we can validate ourselves.

The Guardian

We must recognise that forests are critical to achieving several goals, and so the indicators and targets by which we measure success must reflect the values I have listed above.

The Guardian

Some advertisers won't pay as much to reach audiences that can only be targeted by which sites they read (or possibly where they are physically located), but in a privacy-conscious future, it's not a choice between targeting or not targeting ads.

The Guardian - Tech

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "target by which" when you want to clearly define a specific aim or objective that serves as a benchmark for evaluation or action. It is particularly useful in formal writing and technical contexts where precision is important.

Common error

Avoid constructing sentences where the actor performing the targeting action is unclear or omitted. For instance, instead of saying 'Success is measured by the target by which progress is evaluated,' specify who is doing the evaluating: 'Managers use the target by which to evaluate progress'.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "target by which" functions as a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun, specifying a particular aim, objective, or standard used for evaluation or action. According to Ludwig AI, it's grammatically correct and usable in written English.

Expression frequency: Uncommon

Frequent in

Science

57%

News & Media

43%

Formal & Business

0%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

0%

Wiki

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "target by which" is a grammatically sound prepositional phrase used to specify a benchmark or objective for measurement. It's most commonly found in scientific and news media contexts, maintaining a formal tone. While not extremely frequent, Ludwig AI confirms its correctness and usability. Alternative phrases like "objective by which" or "goal by which" can be used depending on the desired level of formality and nuance. When using "target by which", it's important to ensure clarity by specifying who is setting or using the target.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

objective by which

Replaces "target" with "objective", a synonym, maintaining the prepositional structure.

goal by which

Substitutes "target" with "goal", which is another synonym, keeping the overall meaning intact.

criterion by which

Uses "criterion" as a more formal substitute for "target", maintaining the original structure.

measure by which

Focuses on the measurement aspect, using "measure" as a substitute for "target".

standard against which

Emphasizes the comparative aspect, using "standard" instead of "target" and changing the preposition.

metric for measuring

Rephrases to focus on measurement, replacing "target" with "metric" and restructuring the sentence.

benchmark for assessing

Highlights the evaluation aspect, using "benchmark" and rephrasing with "for assessing".

aim that

Simplifies the structure, replacing "target by which" with "aim that".

end goal of

Uses "end goal of" instead of target by which, giving a more emphatic expression.

purpose for

Uses "purpose for" instead of target by which, providing a simpler expression.

FAQs

How can I use "target by which" in a sentence?

The phrase "target by which" is used to specify a goal or objective that serves as a benchmark for measurement or evaluation. For example: "The "target by which" success will be measured is a 10% increase in sales."

What are some alternatives to "target by which"?

Some alternatives include "objective by which", "goal by which", or "standard against which", depending on the specific nuance you want to convey.

Is "target by which" formal or informal?

"Target by which" tends to be more formal and is often used in technical, scientific, or business contexts. Simpler alternatives might be preferred in casual conversation.

What is the difference between "target by which" and "goal by which"?

While "target" and "goal" are often used interchangeably, "target" can sometimes imply a more specific and measurable objective. "Goal by which" can be a suitable substitute if the context does not require the same level of precision.