surfaces in which

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "surfaces in which" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when describing specific types of surfaces that are relevant to a particular context or subject matter. Example: "The study focused on various surfaces in which chemical reactions occur, highlighting their importance in industrial applications."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Academia

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

42 human-written examples

The graph-embedding problem concerns the determination of surfaces in which a graph can be embedded and thereby generalizes the planarity problem.

Britannica

Recently, a similar effect has been implemented at surfaces in which the electronic surface-molecular interaction has been controlled by chemical stimuli4,5,6.

Nature

Liquid-infused surfaces are rough or patterned surfaces in which a lubricating fluid, such as oil, is infused, which exhibits various original properties (omniphobicity, biofouling, drag reduction).

Princeton University

Chemistry, geometry, and morphology are important factors for creating tunable textured surfaces, in which directionality of droplets can be controlled.

Polymer

The tension in Wyn Evans' work between apparently fractured, disillusioned ambiguity – suggested by the reflective surfaces in which he shows us our own, puzzled selves – and flashes of heat and light, redolent of passion and rage, is poetic and powerful.

The Guardian - Arts

Two large-scale black-and-white etchings by Mr. Stella, "Imola Three I" and "Talladega Three I" (1982), presenting exuberantly hyperactive intaglio surfaces in which line runs rampant, are a long way from his early Minimalist explorations.

The New York Times - Arts

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

18 human-written examples

Internet forums have surfaced in which MDAI users detail their experiences of the drug.

The Guardian

Then, in 2005, a letter surfaced in which Mr. Law named 508 Park as the site.

The New York Times

Spain reveals that a videotape has surfaced in which al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the train bombings in Madrid.

Encyclopedia Britannica

This week, a video surfaced in which Margarito and another boxer appeared to mock Roach, who has Parkinson's Disease.

The New York Times - Sports

A visitor can feel momentarily like Gulliver, standing on an immense white drawinglike surface in which tiny art events twitch underfoot.

The New York Times - Arts

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When describing physical properties or scientific phenomena, use "surfaces in which" to specify the conditions under which those properties or phenomena occur. This helps to create precise and detailed descriptions, especially in scientific or technical writing.

Common error

Avoid using "on which" or "where" interchangeably with "surfaces in which" without considering the context. "On which" is more suitable when referring to a surface acting as a base, whereas "surfaces in which" implies enclosure or a specific condition contained within the surface.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "surfaces in which" functions as a prepositional phrase introducing a relative clause. It modifies the noun "surfaces" by specifying particular characteristics or conditions present within or on those surfaces. As confirmed by Ludwig AI, the phrase is grammatically correct and widely used.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

Science

70%

Academia

15%

News & Media

15%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

0%

Formal & Business

0%

Wiki

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "surfaces in which" is a versatile phrase used to describe surfaces possessing specific properties or conditions. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness and wide applicability. It is most frequently encountered in scientific and academic writing where precision is crucial. While alternatives like "surfaces where" or "surfaces on which" exist, "surfaces in which" is preferred when precision is important, as it specifies particular characteristics or conditions present within or on those surfaces. Avoid using it interchangeably with simpler options without considering the specific context.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

surfaces where

Replaces "in which" with the simpler adverb "where", making the sentence more concise.

surfaces on which

Uses the preposition "on" instead of "in", which might be more appropriate depending on whether the surface is considered a base or an enclosure.

surfaces featuring

Replaces the relative clause with a participial phrase, focusing on the prominent characteristic of the surfaces.

surfaces that have

Uses a relative clause with a more direct verb construction, suitable when highlighting a surface's attribute.

surfaces with

Simplifies the phrase to a prepositional construction, ideal for brevity and general descriptions.

surfaces possessing

Employs a more formal verb ("possessing") to indicate ownership of a particular attribute or feature.

surfaces exhibiting

Uses the verb "exhibiting" to emphasize the display or manifestation of certain properties by the surfaces.

surfaces characterized by

Uses a passive construction to foreground the features that define the surfaces.

surfaces defined by

Similar to "characterized by", but suggests a stricter or more essential set of features.

surfaces integrated with

Suggests that the surfaces are part of a larger system or design that incorporates particular functions or materials.

FAQs

How can I use "surfaces in which" in a sentence?

Use "surfaces in which" to describe specific types of surfaces with particular characteristics or conditions. For example, "The experiment examined "surfaces in which" catalytic reactions occur."

What can I say instead of "surfaces in which"?

Alternatives include "surfaces where", "surfaces on which", or "surfaces featuring", depending on the specific context and nuance you wish to convey.

Which is correct, "surfaces in which" or "surfaces on which"?

"Surfaces in which" implies the surface contains something or has specific conditions inside, while "surfaces on which" refers to a surface acting as a base or support. The correct choice depends on the context.

What's the difference between "surfaces in which" and "surfaces where"?

"Surfaces in which" is more formal and is used to introduce a defining relative clause, whereas "surfaces where" is more informal and acts as an adverbial modifier, indicating a location. The choice depends on the desired level of formality and precision.