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Exact(29)
Corneal surface irradiance was approximately 3 mW/cm2 for a period of 30min.
Through spectral analysis, two temporal regimes were shown to modulate the surface irradiance by clouds.
Meteorological factors (wind, rainfall, surface irradiance) had a significant role in species selection.
The calculation of surface irradiance on buildings may then inform photovoltaic power generation simulations, architectural design, and urban energy planning.
Surface irradiance and attenuation values within the water column were used to determine the underwater irradiance at the mean depth of the respective chlorophyll maxima.
Surface irradiance was 100 µmol quanta m− 2 s− 1, halocline strength was 28 34 psu, and temperature around 20 °C.
Similar(31)
At both study sites, the phytoplankton reacted to similar surface irradiances despite the different water transparencies.
For this purpose, sub-surface irradiances (surface irradiances corrected for reflection) were integrated for different time intervals between 3 and 120 min before the occurrence of the chlorophyll depth maximum and plotted against the depths of corresponding chlorophyll a maxima.
To determine surface irradiances, the spectroradiometer was connected to a cosine-corrected light collector and the full spectra (250 to 800 nm) was recorded in spectral sampling intervals of 2 nm every 5 min between 4 a.m. and 10 p.m.
First, using the method of MacLaughlin et al. (1982), we established a biologically effective UV dose rate for photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D in skin by integrating the measured UV surface irradiances weighted by the relative efficiencies for converting 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D.
Sea-surface irradiance is divided by mixed layer depth to provide an estimate of the mean near-surface irradiance experienced by phytoplankton entrained in the mixed layer.
Related(20)
surface influence
surface coverage
area irradiance
surface reputation
atmosphere irradiance
surface radiation
surface presence
surface visibility
surface radioactivity
surface light
surface exposure
surface projection
surface contour
surface illumination
surface dose
surface hardening
surface preparation
surface churn
surface phone
surface area
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