Sentence examples for subsurface from inspiring English sources

For such scenarios, the most promising detection technology is ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which uses high-frequency radar signals, emitted either from a sled on the surface of the ice or from a low-flying aircraft, to provide an image of the subsurface.

Under pressure, the salt has pushed into the rock layer, forming a convoluted subsurface of rock and salt.The patterns formed by the commingled salt and rock create a huge headache for the companies trying to access the oil below them, because the waves emitted from seismic sources travel more quickly in salt than in rock.

The underlying cause of all earthquakes is the build-up of stress in subsurface rocks—invisible at the Earth's surface.

Lisa Grant, a drilling engineer at Shell, says MWD enables the drilling of wells today that were "not even contemplated" five years ago.With an in-well communications channel established, oil companies are devising new ways to analyse the subsurface, including the use of "borehole seismic" tools.

With a combination of reflected and refracted waves returning to the hydrophones, it is difficult to put together a clear picture of the subsurface from a traditional sonar survey.Pass the salt, pleaseInitial efforts to improve the clarity of subsalt mapping focused on trying to improve the data processing.

Earth's oceans, though, are smaller than those beneath the icy crust of Europa and Europa's siblings Callisto and Ganymede may well have subsurface oceans, too, as may Triton.

The first paragraph of the report says it all:Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise.

And it may, just possibly, have pockets of liquid water, kept so by dissolved salts or other natural antifreezes, buried within its icy mantle.Such subsurface seas are a hot topic among alien-hunters.

But planetary scientists reckon both may have subsurface oceans, kept liquid by a combination of radioactive decay and tidal heating from Saturn and Jupiter, their respective parent planets.For all these reasons, then, the search for exomoons seems a worthwhile enterprise.

With 50 seismic vessels working around the clock industry-wide, this adds up to a total of around 12 petabytes of new data every year, according to Mr Walker.The resulting data must then be processed to produce a picture of the subsurface.

The subsurface structures can then be probed from several different angles at the same time.