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Secondary metabolites are mostly involved in the relationship of the organism with its environment, e.g. in plant defence mechanisms or as signal compound; their synthesis is often induced by different kinds of biotic and/or abiotic stresses.
A novel label-free electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the determination of lysozyme is designed employing lysozyme binding aptamer (LBA) as molecular recognition element for lysozyme as a model analyte and Ru bpy 32+ as an ECL signal compound.
A novel label-free electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing method for the determination of DNA methyltransferase (MTase) activity was developed on base of enzyme-linkage reactions and tris 1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium-assembled graphene oxide (GO) served as an ECL signal compound.
This work demonstrates that using the competition of target protein with an ECL signal compound Ru bpy 32+ for binding sites of special aptamer confined on the electrode is promising approach for the design of label-free ECL aptasensors for the determination of proteins.
While JA (in its biologically active form JA-Ile [ 38]) is considered the most important signal compound deriving from 13-LOX pathway there is increasing evidence that other oxylipins act as signaling compounds in their own right.
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Further study is required to determine the exact signal compounds transferring through AMF networks.
The active substances in plants are mostly secondary metabolites, which are used as defense compounds against predators or parasites, for interspecies competition or as signal compounds to attract insects or other animals [4].
It is more likely that the defence signal compounds move faster in hyphal networks compared with cell organelles since the signal molecules are much smaller and easier to be transferred [45].
The formation of haustoria also requires host-derived signal compounds.
The various defense mechanisms are controlled by signaling molecules like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene, or by combinations of these signal compounds.
In contrast, genes associated with the signal compounds salicylic acid and ethylene were not more frequently differentially expressed than expected for any randomly chosen group of genes.
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