refer above

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "refer above" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to refer to information mentioned earlier in the same document. For example, "The details of the payment schedule are outlined below. For the full terms and conditions, refer above."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Formal & Business

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

1 human-written examples

All survival analyses were carried out using Kaplan Meier method and log-rank test in R (refer above).

EMBO Molecular Medicine

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

59 human-written examples

Lubrication would be an easy way to solve the problems referred above, but lubrication operations should be avoided because these kind of packages are for food purposes.

Surface and Coatings Technology

The valley irrigated by surface streams referred above has industrial agriculture and many horticulture plots for vegetable production.

International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering

On balance, the three meta-analyses referred above prove moderate effects on certain variables and on certain type of interventions.

BMC Nursing

In addition to increasing safety concerns referred above, the considerable increment in manufacturing costs associated with conjugated products are contributing to this interest.

BioMed Research International

As part of this work and based upon the literature referred above, an ambulatory team (AT) as part of the GEMU was established in 2002.

BMC Health Services Research

On the one hand, as we referred above, there is high potential for creating a motivating rehabilitation environment using virtual reality.

European Reviews of Aging and Physical Activity

And this integral is what I refer to above as H omega_k).

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

We referred above to the Galatians as occupants of part of Spain.

The Guardian

This article mainly summarized the repairing techniques referred above, in order to make the basis for further research.

Neural Regeneration Research

Lubrication would be an easy way to solve the problems referred above however, lubricated operations should be avoided as these kinds of packages are for food purposes.

Surface and Coatings Technology

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "refer above" to guide readers to specific information already presented, ensuring a clear and logical flow of ideas.

Common error

Ensure the reference is clear and unambiguous. If you've covered multiple points, specify which one you're "referring above" to, possibly by including a keyword or section title.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "refer above" acts as a directive, instructing the reader to revisit previously presented information. It serves as a signpost, guiding the audience back to a relevant point, argument, or detail already established in the text. According to Ludwig the phrase is considered correct and usable in written English.

Expression frequency: Rare

Frequent in

Science

34%

News & Media

33%

Formal & Business

33%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

0%

Wiki

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "refer above" is a grammatically correct phrase used to direct readers to information previously presented in a text. While Ludwig identifies it as a valid expression, its usage is relatively rare. It functions to maintain coherence and avoid redundancy, fitting a neutral register applicable across diverse contexts like science, news, and formal writing. To enhance clarity, specify the point of reference when using the phrase. Alternatives include "see earlier" or "as mentioned previously".

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

noted above

More concise way to indicate a prior mention.

see earlier

Emphasizes the act of looking back at a previous point.

as detailed above

Highlights the presence of details in a previous section.

as mentioned previously

Highlights that something was already talked about.

discussed earlier

Focuses on the act of having a discussion.

as shown before

Refers to something demonstrated or displayed earlier.

previously stated

Highlights the act of declaring information before.

in the prior discussion

Highlights that something was part of a discussion.

in the preceding section

Specifies the location of the previous mention.

aforementioned

More formal and concise.

FAQs

How can I use "refer above" in a sentence?

You can use "refer above" to direct the reader to a previous part of the text. For instance, "The methodology is detailed in the next section. For the initial hypothesis, "refer above"."

What are some alternatives to "refer above"?

Alternatives include "see earlier", "as mentioned previously", or "noted above", which can provide a similar meaning while varying the phrasing.

Is it better to use "refer above" or "see above"?

Both "refer above" and "see above" are acceptable, but "refer above" may be slightly more formal and precise, especially when specifically directing the reader to a previously referenced source or argument. "See above" is often used more generally.

When should I use "refer above" instead of restating information?

Use "refer above" when the information has already been thoroughly explained and restating it would be redundant. It's most effective when guiding the reader to specific details that support your current point, rather than providing a complete overview.