Although this population has limited variability due to the initial mating, the broiler sire was characterized by the offsprings' phenotypic means and variances of body composition phenotypes, which showed that it was representative of the entire broiler population [ 10].
Phenotypic means of each genotype classes were compared using Duncan's multiple range test.
Phenotypic means of 3 genotypes- Hwayeongbyeo and W1944 homozygotes and heterozygotes- were compared using Student's t-test, and a probability level of 0.5% was used as the threshold for detecting a QTL.
For this purpose, the phenotypic means were compared among the 3 genotypes defined by the allele constitution at RM5448, RM3602 and RM5310 on chromosome 1 and RM3513, RM5475 and RM1238 on chromosome 3 (Figure 6).
QTLs were mapped at a fine-scale by comparing the phenotypic means of two genotypic classes of recombinants (Ilpumbyeo homozygote and Moroberekan homozygote) within the target region by using the SAS statistical software package.
QTLs were fine-mapped by comparing the phenotypic means of 3 genotypes of recombinants within the target region by using the SAS statistical software package (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
Our work thus provides a phenotypic means to identify effector and memory cells, as well as a mathematical framework to investigate their genealogy and to predict the outcome of immunization regimens in terms of memory cell numbers generated.
Line crosses use linear combinations of generation phenotypic means to estimate composite genetic effects and carry out significance tests.
The key feature of Model M27 is that phenotypic means increase when for both loci at least one variant allele is present.
The two populations were generated separately with different phenotypic means (μA and μB) and different causal and test SNP MAFs (pA = 0.2 and pB = 0.4 for both causal and test SNPs).
Due to the additive inheritance of resistance between-population outcrossing could result in either outbreeding depression in resistance or hybrid vigour, that is, greater resistance of the resulting offspring, depending on the phenotypic means of the populations in question [17], [31].
