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To investigate size effects on γRN transformation independent of other factors that can influence austenite stability (composition, crystallographic orientation, defect density, surrounding phase, etc)., a model (TRIP-maraging steel) microstructure is designed with support from diffusion simulations (using DICTRA software) to have the same, homogeneous chemical composition in all γRN grains.
We believe that the assay of symmetric stem cell division is the best readout to examine the direct effect of spindle orientation defect.
In most cases, bundles were misoriented as well (Fig. 6A D), but dysmorphic bundles lacking an orientation defect were also found (Fig. 6C,D).
Indeed, by increasing the SynIII/shRNA ratio to 1 1, we achieved complete rescue of the orientation defect of layer II/III PNs.
The fact that Baz phosphomimetic mutant suppresses the spindle orientation defect of Par-1 RNAi indicates that the phosphorylation must not play a role in deciding when the checkpoint is satisfied, why then is the orientation defect in Par-1 RNAi suppressed by the phosphorylation?
Additional phenotypes observed at P0 included open eyelid (supplementary material Fig. S2A), bifid and truncated tongue (supplementary material Fig. S2B), cleft palate (supplementary material Fig. S2C, >17 out of 31), curly tail (supplementary material Fig. S2D) and hair orientation defect (supplementary material Fig. S2E,F).
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Third orientation defects increase the pressure in roller bearings and the balls orbital speed variation in ball bearings.
This result was confirmed using another dominant-negative form of E-cadherin, E-caddCR3h [18], which caused centrosome orientation defects similar to E-caddCR4h (Supplementary Figure S2).
However, expression of aPKCAA leads to some denticle orientation defects (Fig. 6H), although the severity is lower than that observed for GSK3 mutants (Fig. 5B).
Crosses of each of these 147 lines were set up (as described above) and eyes from the F1 progeny were sectioned and scored for orientation defects in the "tertiary screen".
ana2 mutant larval neuroblasts lack centrosomes and display severe spindle orientation defects [ 52].
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causes defect
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