of which include

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "of which include" is correct and can be used in written English.
You can use the phrase to describe a list of items. For example, "The store sells many different items, of which include pens, pencils, and notebooks."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Academia

Encyclopedias

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

Several examples are given, some of which include moving grids.

Journal of Sound and Vibration

Ninety title deeds, some of which include dozens of properties, are linked to the Nahyan companies.

The Guardian

In the borough there are 733 households on universal credit, 463 of which include housing benefit.

The Guardian

The EU directive groups them in 19 separate fields most of which include separate elements.

The Guardian

Buffalo-Chicago and Boston-Albany-Chicago routes, both of which include considerable N.Y.

The New Yorker

Greenwald describes a 15-step programme, nine of which include the word 'marketing'marketing

The Guardian - Lifestyle

Looking past these Games, Mrs. Leitner has ambitious plans, none of which include winning medals.

The New York Times

Non-local students have several options for housing, some of which include meals.

University of California, Berkeley

Target is opening its first Canadian stores, many of which include extensive grocery sections.

The New York Times

Many executions – methods of which include beheadings, stoning, crucifixion and hanging – take place in public.

Independent

The court's rulings, some of which include novel interpretations of constitutional law, remain secret.

The New York Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "of which include", ensure that the noun it refers back to is clearly defined to avoid ambiguity. For example, "The project has several phases, of which include planning, execution, and evaluation."

Common error

Avoid using "of which include" when a simpler construction would suffice. Overusing relative clauses can make your writing sound stilted. Consider rephrasing to something like: "The project includes planning, execution, and evaluation"

Linguistic Context

The phrase "of which include" functions as a relative clause, specifically a non-defining relative clause, that introduces examples or components of a previously mentioned noun or group. As Ludwig AI indicates, this phrase is used to describe a list of items.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

34%

Academia

23%

Encyclopedias

17%

Less common in

Science

15%

Wiki

5%

Formal & Business

1%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "of which include" is a grammatically sound and frequently employed relative clause used to provide examples or components of a larger set. As noted by Ludwig AI, this phrase effectively describes a list of items within a sentence. The phrase finds common usage in news, academic, and encyclopedic contexts, conveying a neutral to formal tone. While effective, writers should also consider more direct alternatives like "including" for simpler sentence structures. Remember to ensure the noun it refers back to is clearly defined.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

including

A more direct and concise way to list items that are part of a larger group.

which comprise

This alternative conveys the idea of composition or formation, similar to inclusion, but with a focus on what constitutes the whole.

that consist of

Indicates that the set is made up of certain elements, highlighting the components rather than simple inclusion.

that encompass

Emphasizes a broader scope, suggesting that the items are contained within a larger boundary or framework.

which are composed of

Similar to "that consist of", it emphasizes the constituents that make up the whole.

that incorporate

Suggests that the listed items are integrated or combined into a larger system or structure.

which feature

Focuses on highlighting specific aspects or characteristics that are present within the set.

that detail

Focuses on providing specific information or components, often used when elaborating on a subject.

which present

Highlights the items as being showcased or available within the larger context.

that enumerate

Indicates a clear and explicit listing of elements, emphasizing a systematic presentation.

FAQs

How can I use "of which include" in a sentence?

The phrase "of which include" is used to specify items that are part of a larger group or set. For example: "The menu features several desserts, "of which include" cake, pie, and ice cream."

What are some alternatives to "of which include"?

Alternatives to "of which include" are "including", "which comprise", or "that consist of". You can use these phrases to vary your writing style and maintain clarity.

Is it correct to say "of which includes" instead of "of which include"?

No, "of which includes" is grammatically incorrect. "Include" should be used in its base form when following "of which" because it refers back to a plural noun.

What's the difference between "of which include" and simply using "including"?

While both phrases introduce items that are part of a larger set, "of which include" is more formal and often used in complex sentences. "Including" is generally more direct and suitable for simpler constructions.