Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
of these
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
"of these" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to refer to items in a preceding list. For example: "I tried all of these foods, and none of them tasted good to me."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Encyclopedias
Wiki
Science
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
None of these exist.
News & Media
Of these, 26 remain.
News & Media
"Any of these?
News & Media
Gives samples of these.
News & Media
Description of these articles.
News & Media
None of these worked".
News & Media
Few of these survive.
Encyclopedias
"Both of these are important".
News & Media
Everybody wanted one of these.
News & Media
None of these initiatives lasted.
News & Media
You need one of these".
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Ensure the items you are referring to with "of these" are clearly defined in the preceding context to avoid ambiguity.
Common error
Avoid using "of these" if the items being referenced are not immediately clear or have not been explicitly mentioned earlier in the text. This can lead to confusion and require the reader to retrace their steps.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "of these" functions as a partitive prepositional phrase, specifying a subset from a previously mentioned set of items. Ludwig examples show it introducing a selection or quantity from a known group. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness.
Frequent in
News & Media
50%
Wiki
23%
Encyclopedias
8%
Less common in
Science
8%
Formal & Business
0%
Social Media
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "of these" is a grammatically correct and frequently used partitive prepositional phrase that specifies a subset from a previously mentioned set of items. It is versatile and suitable for various contexts, particularly in news and media, as confirmed by Ludwig. To ensure clarity, always make sure the items being referenced are clearly defined. While alternatives exist, the choice depends on the desired level of formality and emphasis. According to Ludwig AI, the phrase is grammatically sound and widely applicable.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
from this group
Replaces "of these" with a more direct specification of the source group.
among these
Similar to "of these", but implies a selection from a larger, less defined group.
from among them
Emphasizes the selection process from a clearly identified set.
out of these
Suggests a more active removal or selection process.
within this set
Uses more formal language to refer to a specific collection of items.
in this category
Specifies the selection based on a categorical grouping.
considering these
Shifts the focus to a deliberative process involving the items.
taking these into account
Highlights the importance of the items in a subsequent decision or analysis.
regarding these
Introduces a topic of discussion related to the specified items.
pertaining to these
Focuses on relevance and connection to the specified items.
FAQs
How can I use "of these" in a sentence?
Use "of these" to refer back to a previously mentioned group of items, for example: "We considered several options; "of these", the most viable was X".
What are some alternatives to "of these"?
Depending on the context, you can use phrases like "from this group", "among these", or "from among them".
Is it correct to say "of them" instead of "of these"?
Yes, "of them" is often interchangeable with "of these", but "of these" implies a more specific and immediate reference to a group that has just been mentioned, while "of them" can refer to a group mentioned further back.
When should I use "of these" versus "of those"?
"Of these" typically refers to items that are closer in proximity or time, while "of those" refers to items that are further away or in the past. The choice depends on the context and the relationship to the items being referenced.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested