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The stability of (E_{0}) can be described by using the next generation operator method [28, 29].
The continuous and positive operator L, called the next generation operator, represents the density distribution of the accumulative new infections at location x.
Firstly, we introduced the basic reproduction number (R_{0}^{D}) via the next generation operator and associated linear eigenvalue problem, and we further proved that (R_{0}^{D}) served as a threshold parameter which predicts whether the coexistence exists or not.
The basic reproductive number of either the pathogen or fear can be found by calculating the spectral radius of the next generation operator.
The basic reproduction number R0 can be calculated as the dominant eigenvalue of the next generation operator [19] which can be calculated as the dominant eigenvalue of the matrix NDβ where N is a vector of age-group specific population sizes, D is the mean infectious period and β is the per capita transmission rate.
The difference between first generation index and basic reproduction number lies on the fact that the former is determined only by the first generation of infection while the latter emerges after the underlying next generation operator is applied for a sufficiently large number of generations.
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Using the next-generation operator approach [25, 26], we determine (R_{v}) as R_{v}=frac{beta}{mu tau+kappa+mu)} biggl[frac{mu 1-rho Lambda +omegaLambiggl[frac{mu 1-rho Lambdaamma)}{(gamma+omegaLambda+iggr].
Following the next-generation operator method of [ 28] we can get R0 of system (1).
We show how social contact matrices can be estimated and how this relates to the estimation of the next-generation operator and the basic reproduction number.
"Sounds like the next generation of linotype operators," he said.
This paper provides an overview of the LOOP project and the key achievements that have been tunneled into first prototypes for showcasing next generation services for operators and process manufacturers.
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