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Recently, another mouse prostate stem cell population was defined by a Sca-1+CD133+CD44+CD117+ phenotype [30].
In the normal human and mouse prostate, stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells, or transit-amplifying cells, are proposed to be present in the basal epithelial cell layer [21], [25] [27].
Interestingly, the cells implicated were basal-like cells with characteristic mouse prostate stem cell markers (e.g. Keratin 8-, Keratin 5+, p63+, Sca 1+, CD49f+), or transiently proliferating cells with a phenotype between basal and luminal cells (p63-, Keratin5+, Keratin 8+)—luminal cells did not appear to be the target of transformation [64].
The results obtained indicate that putative mouse prostate stem cells are likely to reside in the basal layer.
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Recently, work with mouse prostate stem-like cells revealed commonalities between mouse prostate stem-like cells and stem-like cells originating from other tissues, including breast (Lawson et al, 2007).
Results from previous investigations utilizing the label-retaining assay suggest that the proximal region of the mouse prostate is more likely to contain adult prostate stem cells that express basal markers and that the distal region of the duct contains more differentiated luminal cells, with expression of luminal makers [ 11, 12].
An approach that has been used by several groups to identify stem cells in the mouse prostate is to reduce androgen levels by physical or chemical castration and examine the cells remaining after this treatment (Wang et al., 2009).
CD117 expression was predominantly localized to the proximal region of the mouse prostate and was upregulated after castration-induced prostate involution, consistent with prostate stem cell identity and function [ 50].
Recent evidence has shown that in early, postnatal, mouse prostate development, epithelial homeostasis is maintained by basal multipotent stem cells that differentiate into basal, luminal, and neuroendocrine cells, as well as by unipotent basal and luminal progenitors [24].
Similarly, using a colony-formation in vivo assay and an in vivo renal capsule transplantation approach, Gao and his colleagues have also reported that a single stem cell isolated from the adult mouse prostate epithelium has the capacity to generate a functional prostate [ 3].
Prostate stem cells (PSCs) have been identified in both humans and mouse (Leong et al, 2008; Goldstein et al, 2010).
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