Sentence examples for motor cortex affects from inspiring English sources

Here, we aimed to determine whether the articulatory motor cortex affects the auditory mechanisms underlying discrimination of speech sounds in the absence of demanding speech tasks.

We also included a categorization task in the current study in order to test whether the motor cortex affects categorical perception of "ba"–"da" continuum.

These findings show that the articulatory motor cortex affects discrimination of speech sounds even in the absence of behavioral speech tasks that require selecting between motor responses (e.g., pressing response buttons).

Our main finding shows that the articulatory motor cortex affects early auditory discrimination of speech sounds (starting within 200 ms after the onset of sound): TMS-induced disruption of the motor lip representation suppressed MMN responses elicited by occasional phonetic and intensity changes in unattended sequences of speech sounds.

These conclusions are also in line with two recent studies which found that thetaburst TMS to motor cortex impairs syllable discrimination in a task unaffected by response bias (Rogers et al. 2014) and that rTMS to motor cortex affects sensitivity of speech discrimination, but not response bias (Smalle et al. 2015).

Other regions (e.g., primary motor cortex) affected were not part of the verbal fluency meta-analysis and may account for Leborgne's right hemiplegia.

The findings are also in agreement with our recent studies showing that TMS-induced disruption in the lip motor cortex affect processing of speech sounds in the auditory cortex (Möttönen et al. 2013; 2013b).

However, the validity of this interpretation has been called into question, because it is unknown whether the TMS-induced disruptions in the motor cortex affect speech perception or rather response bias.

In addition to phonetic changes (Experiment 1), TMS-induced disruption in the articulatory motor cortex affected MMN responses to changes in intensity, but not to changes in duration, in a sequence of "da" sounds (Experiment 3).

Our results thus support that TMS to motor cortex indeed affects speech perception and comprehension (rather than any possible response bias or segmentation process).

Speech- and articulator-specificity of the TMS-induced effects on auditory speech processing and their dependence on attention (Möttönen and Watkins 2009; Möttönen et al. 2013, 2014b) lend support for the view that TMS causes a focal disruption in the articulatory motor cortex, which affects speech processing by weakening its interaction with the auditory cortex.