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Vitamin D deficiency is a recognized risk factor for all-cause mortality in normal individuals and in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
Abnormalities in the gene regulating methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are associated with increased homocysteine levels and increased mortality in normal and chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations.
Objective To investigate the relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and the risk of mortality in normal weight, overweight and obese individuals.
The results are consistent with previous studies (9– 11) and suggest that increased risk of mortality in normal weight participants is not attenuated, even with adjustment for risk factors, including inflammation and adipose tissue distribution.
In analyses stratified by BMI, former smoking was associated with increased risk of other-cause mortality in normal (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03 2.45) and over-weight women (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.13 1.90), but not among those that were obese (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.60 3.16).
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The strong association between WHR and mortality in normal-weight women suggests that a relatively high degree of abdominal adiposity is deleterious despite being normal weight.
Thromboembolism (23, 24): Obese patients with acute venous thromboembolism have less than one-half the mortality in normal-weight subjects (24).
In a large Californian dataset, Bruckner and colleagues found an increased risk of neonatal mortality in normal-weight prolonged and post-term pregnancies, based on menstrual dates [ 26].
The mechanism underlying this effect of obesity on outcome after sepsis in humans might be due to an increased susceptibility to hypothermia, because a drop in core body temperature is associated with increased mortality in normal-weight subjects with sepsis (Arons et al., 1999; Clemmer et al., 1992).
We found that presence of the APOE*2 allele was associated with a decreased risk of mortality only in normal weight individuals and that this lower risk was partly explained by lower risk of CHD mortality.
When body composition and physical function variables were added to model 3, only thigh muscle area and gait speed attenuated the mortality risk in normal weight participants (HR 1.36 [95% CI 0.87 2.11] and 1.44 [95% CI 0.91 2.27], respectively).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com