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Exact(5)
However, high doses of mRNA (100 400 pg) resulted in high mortality and abnormalities in the injected embryos.
In the first generation, the Tohoku groups showed higher rates of mortality and abnormalities and a smaller forewing size than the Okinawa group.
Because mutations were introduced continuously because of the continuous irradiation, the mutations accumulated, causing a further increase in the mortality and abnormalities in the later generations.
We further quantified caesium radioactivity in pupae that ingested contaminated leaves and determined the mathematical relationships between the ingested dose of caesium and the resultant rates of mortality and abnormalities [ 11].
In the second-voltine generation and in later generations, the Z. maha was fully exposed externally and internally to ionising radiation throughout its entire life stages, resulting in an increase in mortality and abnormalities.
Similar(55)
First, the high mortality and abnormality are kept for the following years (extended mortality hypothesis).
Following the high mortality and abnormality in 2011 [ 9], 3 scenarios may be hypothesized.
Second, the populations experience even higher mortality and abnormality, eventually resulting in extinction (extinction hypothesis).
We found that the mortality and abnormality rates increased sharply under low doses of caesium ingestion, following a power function.
Considering the very high mortality and abnormality rates recorded, it is likely that many of the recorded effects are attributable to the contaminated diets ingested by the butterflies.
High mortality and abnormality rates were detected [ 7], and a small forewing size (i.e., body size) was also observed [ 7], similar to the outcome of the food stress in butterflies [ 10].
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