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They are also precursors for phosphatidylinositol phosphates, important signaling molecules that actively participate in cell division (Echard, 2012).
The term activators is used here in a broad sense, not only for molecules that actively induce a pseudopod, but also excitability of the medium to induce a new pseudopod, or the availability of essential cytoskeletal components.
Characterizing and mechanistic studies are needed to identify all key chemokines that exist, their specific receptors and the precise cellular adhesion molecules that actively participate in these events during pregnancy and term labor.
Cancer cells may develop mechanisms that prevent migration of leukocytes to the site of the cancer, either by turning off the production of inflammatory molecules that can act as chemoattractants or by producing molecules that actively inhibit immune cells, such as TGF-β [ 17].
In addition, several molecules that actively function as negative regulators of cytokine signaling, including SH2-containing phosphatase SHP-1, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), CD45 and T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) [ 4] have also been reported to inhibit cytokine signaling as JAK phosphatases.
Similar(55)
Here we present Syn-TEF1, a molecule that actively enables transcription across repressive GAA repeats that silence frataxin expression in Friedreich's ataxia, a terminal neurodegenerative disease with no effective therapy.
As stated above, this can be done by increasing product size (passive mechanism) or by fusing the product to a "carrier" molecule that actively extends product half-life by using the "FcRn recycling" mechanism.
Cargo molecules that are actively transported through the nuclear pore complex contain signals that are recognized by transport receptors.
In summary, FGF19 subfamily members are a unique group of molecules that are being actively studied.
This intracellular accumulation does not occur in cells with few or non-functional mitochondria and can be overcome by the activity of MDR pumps that actively excrete small organic molecules such as 99mTc-sestamibi.
These pathogens actively secrete effector molecules that are detected by R-like genes to trigger hypersensitive response pathways and initiate cell death.
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