Sentence examples for molecules or ligands from inspiring English sources

The bonding can occur between metal surface atoms and the aromatic ring of the adsorbate molecules or ligands and substituent groups.

In addition, QDs are of good spatial compatibility, a QD can simultaneously couple two or more biological molecules or ligands, so QDs can be used to prepare multifunctional materials for detection and imaging [43,44].

Nuclear receptor activity is controlled by the binding of natural small molecules or ligands including hormones and metabolites and many synthetic compounds have been designed to mimic these natural regulators [ 2].

In most cases, signaling molecules or ligands are distributed in the extracellular matrix and are diffused within few cell diameters (e.g. BMP, Hh, Wnt); sometimes, ligands are directly transmitted between the neighboring cells (e.g. Notch signaling).

The adherence of pathogenic bacteria to mucosal epithelium is dependent on the expression of adhesive molecules or ligands called adhesions that allow attachment of the organisms to complementary molecules on mucosal surfaces or receptors.

However, if we consider that signaling molecules or ligands are synthesized in the ER and are thereafter transported to the cell surface, and that the receptor is also synthesized in the ER and incorporated into the ER membrane before being translocated to the plasma membrane, it is reasonable that these two molecules interact within the ER.

Smaller anti-PSMA molecules, minibodies, or ligands directed to PSMA, preferably using PET imaging techniques, may be a more suitable approach in imaging these tumors.

In some cases, binding of a target molecule or ligand drives disordered folding to a more ordered state [52].

Docking is the identification of the low-energy binding modes of a small molecule or ligand within the active site of a macromolecule or receptor whose structure is known.

Many such reactions occur rapidly in aqueous solution despite the fact that the stable shells of water molecules or other ligands should keep the two ions from getting close enough for electron exchange to occur directly.

Key building blocks are aptamers that specifically bind to small molecules or protein ligands.