In vitro studies suggest that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) modulates the functions of dendritic cells (DCs).
Thus it is clear that a deeper understanding of how S. aureus modulates the functions of macrophages will be of prime importance to the development of novel therapeutic interventions, and other mechanisms by which to control diseases caused by this bacterium.
These studies therefore represent a significant step toward understanding how a major class of E3 enzymes modulates the functions of their targets.
Because SIRT1 activity also modulates the functions of monocytes and macrophages, native defenses may play a key role in insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes (3, 4).
However, whether PP4 also modulates the functions of peripheral T cells has not been investigated due to the lack of a suitable in vivo model.
Chronic alcohol intake modulates the functions of all three of these lymphocyte populations (Cook 1998; Lundy et al. 1975; Meadows et al. 1992; Spinozzi et al. 1992; Szabo 1999).
