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In [16], the authors proposed a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer which is able to equalize M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) modulated signals in systems with extremely long memory.

Then, the estimate of the quadratic phase for the multi-component linear frequency modulated signals in different range cells can be obtained by: Γ ^ n = 1 2 I C ^ R (44).

In this article, we have investigated the robustness of four features categories for the classification of digitally modulated signals in the presence of HF noise models; AWGN and bi-kappa noise.

The HNN-TE is able to jointly equalize and decode BPSK and 4-QAM coded modulated signals in systems with highly dispersive multipath channels, with extremely low computational complexity compared to traditional turbo equalizers which employ a MAP equalizer/decoder pair.

In this section, ZFS and MMSES are analyzed and compared against the DE [5] and BJ [2] techniques for BOCs(1,1) modulated signals in terms of tracking jitter, tracking threshold, MTLL, code error convergence and MEE for different Early-minus-Late chip spacing and discriminator types.

The best click repetition rates for FR (∼29 Hz) in this study is in the same range as in a previous study using amplitude modulated signals in the barbiturate-anesthetized cat AAF (27 Hz, see Ref. [49]).

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The mitogen-induced gene 6, MIG-6, is a small adaptor protein modulating signaling in cells to regulate the growth and differentiation in multiple tissues.

Together, these findings suggest that the Mks1 centrosome protein plays an essential role in modulating signaling in the PCP (non-canonical Wnt) pathway.

Hence, FAD mutations can modulate signalling in potentially two ways: through elevated A βo formation via abnormal APP processing and/or independently of A β through altered interactions with signalling pathways.

Interestingly, while Lyn is not expressed in T-cells, it can have a significant impact upon T-cell function through modulating signaling in cells that interact with T-cells [ 53].

From other aspect, modulated signals are in general coupled with sine wave carriers, pulse trains, repeating spreading, hoping sequences, or cyclic prefixes that result in built-in periodicity.

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