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Exact(11)
Because the OB network is known to be modulated by learning and involved in post-learning mechanisms, we further tested the dual hypothesis that consolidation may occur in the OB and so support the long-term retention and that consolidation is required for the neurogenic effect of learning.
Previous models of adaptively timed learning propose how a spectrum of cells tuned to brief but different delays are combined and modulated by learning to create a population code for controlling goal-oriented behaviors that span hundreds of milliseconds or even seconds.
It has recently been proposed that adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb, whose survival is modulated by learning, support long-term olfactory memory.
The oscillatory behavior of the OB is also modulated by learning [15] as is the immediate early gene responsiveness of bulbar interneurons [16] [19].
In particular, a short latency midfrontal phasic negativity peaking at about 50 ms after the memory decision (here button press) was found to be modulated by learning mode.
Such an effect is comparable to that previously shown for PKA which also reduces the AHP in the same extent, and effect that is also not modulated by learning [15].
Similar(49)
Moreover, EEG studies in humans and other animals have identified ERP components associated with 'oddball' or change detection paradigms, which can also be modulated by AG learning paradigms.
These findings suggest that human decision-making is modulated by reinforcement learning mechanisms supported by the ventral and dorsal striatum, even when participants are aware that trial-to-trial outcomes are independent and random.
This demonstrated that the response of V1 to visual stimuli was modulated by learning-dependent changes in top-down auditory influences that were consistent with the notion of predictive coding, a general framework for perceptual inference and learning that is discussed in the next section (Friston 2005).
The responses of mitral cells, the relay cells of the OB are modulated by associative learning [11] [13] as well as by prolonged passive exposure to odors [14].
On the one hand, research from other fields has shown that the P2 component is modulated by perceptual learning and attention [36], [37].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com