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The CA between the modified surface and the LM droplet is ~165°, and the CAH is ~2°.

This confirms that the dimensionless quantities RM and RN are useful parameters that allow for quantifying the binding affinity between the chemically modified surface and AuNPs.

The PSII treated polymer sample with the grid provided more uniformly modified surface and lower surface resistivity than that treated without the grid.

Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated the formation of uniform and continuously dense laser alloyed coatings with sound interface between the modified surface and substrate along with an equi-axed grain structure with second phase precipitates in the intergranular region.

To confirm its biofunctionality and cytocompatibility, the capturing cells ability of the aptamer modified surface and the effects on the growth behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were investigated.

Subsequently, cells were seeded onto NH3 modified surface and exposed to 29.5 N/m2 of shear stress field by means of a parallel plate flow chamber in order to get good insight into the influence of N-containing incorporation on cell retention, cell morphology, and cell shape factor.

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Additionally, contact angle measurements were carried out to characterise the modified surfaces, and these and XPS results show the presence of hydrophobic hydrocarbon contaminants.

SaOS-2 cells growth rate is lower on collagen modified surfaces, and no significant difference is detected in terms of alkaline phosphatase production as compared to control Ti.

The molecular structure, the homogeneity of the layer, the surface density, bonds stability and processes reproducibility are parameters that determine the performance of subsequent applications of these modified surfaces and therefore, must be perfectly controlled.

These revealed the topography of the modified surfaces and a titanium oxide layer that was markedly thicker on the EDM samples compared to controls.

Xlink Analyzer enables automatic visualization of cross-links, identifies cross-links violating spatial restraints, calculates violation statistics, maps chemically modified surfaces, and allows interactive manipulations that facilitate analysis of XL-MS data and aid designing new experiments.

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