Sentence examples for modified layers were from inspiring English sources

The modified layers were characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and microhardness measurements.

Based on the results of EIS measurements, appropriate equivalent circuits for the modified layers were proposed to fit the EIS for MAO films.

Significant reductions in nitrogen and/or carbon contents were detected for each wear track analyzed, indicating that plasma modified layers were almost worn out for these sliding distances at which sharp transitions in frictional force were recorded.

This two layer system was not affected by exposure to hot q-brine in an autoclave, ie both the unmodified original anodic layers as well as the uv-laser modified layers were stable under HLW relevant conditions on all grains.

The microstructure, chemical compositions and phase identification of the modified layers were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively.

Even though PBII can tailor selective surface properties of diverse materials, usually, only thin modified layers are attained.

The depths of these modified layers are much deeper than the ion range.

The thickness of the modified layers is improved significantly compared with that of the layer implanted at room temperature.

Abrasion wear resistance of the modified layers is determined by scratch test, corundum grinding disk test and Rubber wheel test.

The microstructures of all modified layers are characterized by a compound layer containing three distinct zones but without an evident diffusion zone.

The changes in the modified layers are quantitatively determined by numerical optimization procedures based on Maxwell's effective medium analytical formula and a finite element solution of the transport differential equations.