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Then everything happens as if we are in the case of a model without delay.
Considering the fact that the immune individual may become the susceptible individual, Chen and Sun discussed an SIRS epidemic model without delay [15].
Now, for the model without delay studied in [2], we have the following conclusions: (i) (S_{0}=(0;0)) is unstable.
Analysis of single-step tracing with delay could be done by calculating R from the next-generation matrix, as for the model without delay (see Supporting Information for all details).
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However, a DDEs model without delay-dependent coefficient usually behaves differently.
For the DDEs model without delay-dependent coefficient, increased time delay may destabilize a stable interior equilibrium.
The low-rigidity nail was strong enough to maintain alignment of the fracture in the osteoporotic rat model without delayed union.
As for the standard hybrid model without delays, it predicts accurately substrate dynamics only at the beginning, i.e. from 0 to 30 h.
Using a model with 6 weeks delay, the effect of lutein on VA at normal and low (4%) illumination levels did not show any qualitative changes compared to the model without delayed effect assumption.
The U-system predictions of the time-transient behaviors of metabolite concentrations were reasonable and this kind of metabolic relationship between distant metabolites on metabolic map cannot be examined by either statistical methods or typical mathematical modeling without delay functions.
If (varphi k)=k) and (tau=0), system (1) reduces to the SIRS model (1.2) without delay in [15], and (R_{0}) in this paper consists/coincides with one of the model in [15].
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