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By exploring the appropriate model equations, we present the new dynamics that drive the equilibrium when using such a mechanism in MAS environments.
To reveal the intrinsic dissipative properties of the model equations, we first reformulate the original systems in their equivalent conformal multi-symplectic structures and derive the corresponding conformal symplectic conservation laws.
To describe the model equations, we consider (Omegasubsetmathbb{R}^{3}) a bounded and regular open set of (mathbb{R}^{3}).
And most model equations chosen for simulation are not in any straightforward sense "the right equations"; they are not the model equations we would choose in an ideal world.
In order to obtain the stationary model equations we neglect the time dependencies in the system (5) - or the system (6), respectively.
However, in the process of applying the method to the k-ε model equations, we find that the regularity of the solutions should be higher, which is induced by the higher nonlinearity in the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and compressible MHD equations than that in [19] and [13].
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Note that Γ M, z) = α z − z c )2(p − 2) has the same symmetry property as M. Equation 2 is the model equation we are proposing for studying the dependence of M on the Fe-Pn inter-atomic separation.
We do not identify the coarse-grained model equations; however, we analyze the dynamics by computationally obtaining the solutions to those equations.
Our discussion of stability in Sect. 4 does rely on the choice of specific model equations; here we use the rate models introduced by others.
In the model equations (3-11) we take the function H as in (12) for convenience.
First, using the mathematical model (equations (3-11)) we simulate the evolution of chondrocyte population density (per area, and assuming circular symmetry, as a function of radius) over a period of ten days after an initial cartilage injury.
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