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In the bi-factor model, each item loads on a general factor and a group factor [41].
In the MIMIC model, each item is regressed on the target latent trait and the grouping variable, and the target latent trait is regressed on the grouping variable to control for the mean difference of the target latent trait between groups.
In the Rasch model each item is defined by a difficulty or location parameter.
In this model, each item is characterized by one parameter (δj for the jth item), named difficulty parameter because the higher its values, the lower the probability of positive (favourable) responses of the patient to this item regarding the latent trait being measured.
In this model, each item is characterized by one parameter (δj for the jth item), named item difficulty because the higher its value, the lower the probability of a positive (favourable) response of the patient to this item regarding the latent trait being measured.
Besides that, the bifactor model also provided an efficient way to model each item's variance as the byproduct of general and specific unrelated components useful for applied purposes, thus becoming increasingly popular in clinical HADS research.
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Score differences for each EQ-5D item were examined using logistic regression models (one model for each item).
The proportion of positive assessments for each of the five green items was estimated in multilevel statistical models (one model for each item; see "Statistical analysis" below for details).
The multilevel testlet model can also be considered as the multilevel bifactor MIMIC model where each item is regressed on the target latent trait, the testlet factor, and the grouping variables.
The Rasch model takes each item scored and adjusts the final person measure based on relative differences in item severity.
The Rasch model takes each item scored and adjusts the final person measure based on relative differences in item difficulty.
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