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Figure 4 Propagation length and normalized modal area of silica- and MgF 2 -based AHP waveguide versus height of mismatch.

Therefore, in this section, we investigate the geometric dependence of the propagation length and normalized modal area of the SHP waveguide on a substrate.

Numerical results show that high birefringence of 1.362 × 10−2 and a low effective modal area of 3.435 μm2 are achieved at 1.55 μm, simultaneously.

The propagation length and normalized modal area of both silica and MgF2 AHP waveguides versus the height of mismatch are shown in Figure 4, under the conditions of three different values of Ht.

The results revealed that with optimized parameters of the AHPMW waveguide, a centimeter-scale propagation length of 2.69 cm was achieved with normalized modal area of 4.89 × 10-2 to realize nanoscaled mode confinement.

The nonlinear coefficient for a 10-nm thick dielectric remains at 3.8×107 km−1 withwith propagation length of 154-μm and modal area of 0.0009/μm2.

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Recent critiques have emphasized that while the evidence clearly shows that modal areas of the brain activate during conceptual processing, it has not been ruled out that a more abstract form of conceptual knowledge does not simply cascade to these areas of the brain in a functionally unimportant manner (Mahon & Caramazza, 2008).

When the width is 150 nm, there are minimum values in curves of the normalized modal area for both silica and MgF2.

Using the finite elements method (FEM), the guiding properties including mode effective index, propagation length, normalized modal area, and figure of merit (FoM) are intensively investigated at a wavelength of 1,550 nm to target potential applications in telecommunications.

To calculate the normalized modal area and propagation length of the AHPMW waveguide, we introduce Equations 1 to 3 [6]: A m = W m max W r = 1 max W r ∬ ∞ W r d 2 r, (1).

To calculate the normalized modal area and propagation length of the AHP waveguide, we introduce Equations 1, 2, and 3 [14]: A m = W m max W r = 1 max W r ∬ ∞ W r d 2 r (1).

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