This result supports the idea that the effects of migration on labor force participation decisions of non-migrants may not be explained by returning migrants.
First, with an out-migration of labor, more farm activities will have to be mechanized to replace labor-intensive practices of an earlier day.
Economic migration involves flows of labor, human capital, and other production factors.At least in theory, it contributes to a more efficient allocation of resources and alarger welfare of nations.
The majority of existing studies find only minor negative effects of migration on the labor market position of locals (see the meta-analysis in Longhi et al. 2005, 2006, surveys in Friedberg and Hunt 1995; Kerr and Kerr 2011, recent evidence in Ottaviano and Peri 2012; Manacorda et al. 2012).
Despite a broad epidemiological "migration and health" literature [ 6] and the documented impact of labor migration on child health [ 7, 8], including explorations of child maltreatment in migrant families [ 9- 12], little research has examined the health, safety, development, and well-being of migrant workers' children.
Given the design of the policy, these statistics are consistent with the targeting of remote hilly lands: in remote villages, the incidence of labor migration is usually lower because of higher associated migration costs.
This study builds on these gaps and attempts to understand the broader implications of labor migration on children; that is, to what extent does migration of household members relate to the health of children who remain in Moldova and Georgia?
In looking back at the evolution of Philippine migration policy, the state mostly applied traditional state-centric policies that focused on the role of labor migration to curb unemployment and to boost much needed remittances.
