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There is ample evidence that, given some selective regime, microbial evolution in the laboratory can be exceedingly rapid [ 49].
This strategy is therefore likely to remain a feasible solution to explore microbial evolution in a first pass step, utilizing all of the ever increasing genomic data [ 35].
It is unlikely that we will still be reading the history of microbial evolution in 20 years time from the order of branching patterns on a tree, as some would like to do it today [ 2].
An assessment of the importance of HGT in microbial evolution in general, and in phylogenetic reconstruction in particular, depends in part on the frequency with which genes are transferred.
This paper nicely serves to illustrate that a constant rate model for microbial evolution, in which virulence is treated in terms of the independent contribution of amino acids in an epitope, coupled to a simple competitive exclusion principle based on replicative advantage, is too simple.
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The forum held a workshop in May 2008 on microbial evolution and coadaptation in honor of Dr Lederberg (www.iom.edu/CMS/3783/3924/52347.aspx).edu/CMS/3783/3924/52347.aspx
One important development in the study of microbial evolution came with the discovery in Japan in 1959 of horizontal gene transfer.
It will be necessary to design an experiment to overcome this problem and determine the number of generations in order to compare our results with other experiments in microbial evolution.
The rapid evolution of drug resistance, and multidrug resistance in particular, highlights the important role of horizontal gene transfer in microbial evolution (Ochman et al. 2000).
In the section on microbial evolution above, we discussed the factors in addition to density present in a culture environment that facilitate rapid evolution of enhanced virulence.
Comparative genome analysis using macro-arrays provides insights into microbial evolution and genetic diversity in microbial populations [20], [27].
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