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Other papers [15], [16] showed a possible link between bacterial evolution in the natural environment and their pathogenicity toward animals.
The demonstrated proportionality between Vip and Vg then suggests that the evolution speed is proportional to the isogenic phenotypic fluctuation, as is also supported by an experiment on bacterial evolution in a laboratory[17] and confirmed by simulations of a reaction network model of a growing cell[18].
eBURST, unlike cluster diagrams, trees or dendrograms, uses a simple but appropriate model of bacterial evolution in which an ancestral (or founding) genotype increases in frequency in the population, and while doing so, begins to diversify to produce a cluster of closely-related genotypes that are all descended from the founding genotype.
HGT plays a pivotal role in bacterial evolution in the adoption of new traits and adaptation to new hosts.
In terms of studying bacterial evolution in a natural habitat, the pandemic V. parahaemolyticus population appears to be particularly appropriate.
While increasing data on bacterial evolution in controlled environments are available, our understanding of bacterial genome evolution in natural environments is limited.
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In addition to mediating HGT among different bacterial cells, plasmids contribute to bacterial evolution via their role in the formation and propagation of operons, a process in which plasmids have been likened to scribbling pads [ 11].
For whole-genome studies of mutations in bacterial evolution experiments, we used in-house scripts to calculate the exact number of protein-coding sites in the ancestral genome according to gene annotations.
The currently available data implies that in eukaryotes there was no diversification of the β-GF domain comparable to what happened in bacterial evolution that resulted in emergence of fundamentally new biochemical activities.
Most elements of carotenoid enzymatic pathways have likely evolved in the context of bacterial evolution and were in place millions of years before animals and plants started to use them in coloration and other functions [ 9, 10, 35].
Dr. W. Ford Doolittle, an expert on bacterial evolution at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, said the lateral transfer of bacterial genes into the human genome was possible but the consortium's method of trying to prove it was "awfully incautious".
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