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Although the co-occurrence of abnormalities in the form of MetS is associated with CAC prevalence in our sample, none of the individual metabolic abnormalities has an independent association in this subsample of MESA.
The primary mechanism for clustering of metabolic abnormalities has yet to be elucidated, but insulin resistance or accumulation of visceral fat is believed as an encouraging candidate [ 3, 4].
A positive correlation of vaspin with both insulin resistance and C-reactive protein, as a low-grade inflammatory marker, in the presence of metabolic abnormalities has been observed as well [ 38, 39].
Another disease that has traditionally been associated with aging is obesity, although this condition, together with its accompanying metabolic abnormalities, has recently also begun to affect younger individuals as a result of changes in diet and lifestyle and has become a serious public health problem worldwide.
In addition, our data suggest that insulin resistance does not always translate in fibrosis, in that patients carrying the PPARα Pro12Ala SNP had increased insulin resistance without different severity of liver damage, and that the genetic background underlying metabolic abnormalities has a major role in determining the clinical outcome [ 42].
Recently, the lack of a standard approach to use the same sets of criteria and cut-off values to define metabolic abnormalities has been highlighted as the major source of the high variability in the reported MHO prevalence [ 19, 24, 25].
Similar(54)
Several striking nutrient-related metabolic abnormalities have been consistently documented in HIV infection.
Metabolic abnormalities have historically been cited as the primary cause of pediatric nephrolithiasis; however, dietary and other factors such as obesity have also been studied with mixed results.
Many human and animal studies have shown that maternal metabolic abnormalities have long-term effects on the metabolic characteristics of offspring [6], [7].
Other characteristic metabolic abnormalities have also been described (25, 26, 342, 343) and have recently garnered increased attention (344 348).
18 Interestingly, metabolic abnormalities have even been observed in healthy lean women following laboratory-based binge-like episodes.
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