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There is (1) some probability of observing a particular memory strength of the target, x1, (2) some probability that x1 will be the highest (MAX) memory strength of the lineup members and (3) some probability, f(x), that the decision variable will exceed the decision criterion (where x represents the vector of memory signals associated with the faces in the lineup).
The probability that x1 is greater than the memory strength of a filler j is obtained by integrating a Gaussian distribution with mean μ j = μ Foil and variance σ j 2 = σ 2 Foil from − ∞ to x1: frac{1}{intt{2pi {sigma}^2}}{int}_{-infty}^{x1}{e}^{-{left({x}_j-{mu}_jright)}^2/left(2{sigma}{dx2right)}_j=Phi=Phi left(frac{x_1-{mu}_j}{sigma_j}right), (2).
One possibility is that consolidation may preserve the memory strength of some emotional items more so than others, thus giving rise to a relative increased variance for the studied emotional compared to neutral items.
Thus, the relative memory strength of the II versus the IR conditions cannot be driving the observed behavior.
Similar(56)
Contrast images were entered into two 2 × 2 ANOVAs (Action by Valence) for the second-level random-effects analysis, one containing the contrasts of the 4 conditions coding the image onset (cue activity) and the other containing the 4 parametric modulators of memory strength for each of those conditions (memory parameter).
For a lineup, the simplest decision rule holds that a positive identification (ID) is made if the memory-strength of the strongest item in the array (considered in isolation) exceeds criterion, c1.
Ebbinghaus (1884), by measuring memory strength in terms of savings in relearning, and Cattell (1885), by determining the span of apprehension to be approximately 7 items, shifted the emphasis in psychology from introspection, or even self-report, to behavioral performance.
In contrast, by single process models in which recognition is assumed to be based on a global measure of memory strength, the results suggest that the effects of emotion on recognition memory can be observed even when emotion does not have a pronounced effect on overall memory strength.
We note, furthermore, that whether recollection and familiarity are separate processes (Eichenbaum et al., 2008), or reflect a single process, with familiarity and recollection reflecting different degrees of memory strength (Wixted and Squire, 2008), is an area of continuing debate (see also Gardiner and Richardson-Klavehn, 2000 and Yonelinas, 2002) for relevant information regarding humans.
A number of studies have shown that activity in lateral parietal cortex covaries with a number of measures of episodic memory strength (Wagner et al. 2005).
Rutishauser, U., Aflalo, T., Rosario, E. R., Pouratian, N. & Andersen, R. A. Single-neuron representation of memory strength and recognition confidence in left human posterior parietal cortex.
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