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The low antiviral activities of these inhibitors were probably due to their inadequate cell membrane permeability caused by the presence of a free carboxylic acid in the inhibitors.
The squalamine action is preserved even in MDR clinical isolates that overexpress various mechanisms of resistance including drug efflux pumps, alteration of membrane permeability caused by absence of porins, enzymatic barrier, all well-known mechanisms which induce high level of resistance towards quinolones, ß-lactams, phenicols, etc (Table 1 3).
Increased in membrane permeability caused mitochondrial swelling, outer membrane ruptures, and release of pro-apoptotic factors from intermembranous space.
The morphological alterations are heralded by sarcolemmal damage, characterized by increased plasma membrane permeability caused by oxidative damage to lipids and proteins.
The Sytox uptake experiments confirm that membrane permeability is increased when cells are exposed to COS and that overexpression of ARL1 suppresses the increase in membrane permeability caused by COS.
The aim of our study was to determine whether anti-tumour effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with cisplatin is a consequence of increased plasma membrane permeability caused by electroporation that enables cisplatin binding to DNA.
Similar(54)
However, HO efficiently crosses the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells due to increased membrane permeability, causing bright-blue fluorescence of the nuclei.
The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles can be exerted by their interference with the cell membrane permeability causing degradation of the bacterial cell [ 29].
In bacteria, polycationic chitosan can interact with the negatively charged membrane and alter bacterial surface morphology, which either increases membrane permeability, causing leakage of intracellular substances, or decreases membrane functions, preventing nutrient transport [ 8].
It increases the mitochondrial membrane permeability, causing the release of cytochrome c, resulting in the activation of caspases followed by cell apoptosis in several cell lines (Bellosillo et al, 1998; Zimmermann et al, 2000; Dikshit et al, 2006).
The change in membrane permeability causes mitochondrial swelling, rupture of the outer membrane, and release of proapoptotic factors such as cytochrome c, pro-caspases, Apaf-1, and AIF, from the intermembranous space, which leads to the formation of a supramolecular apoptosome complex that turns on the caspase cascade (Green and Reed, 1998; vanGurp et al, 2003).
Related(20)
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