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Exact(9)
We chose a cell lysis condition (0.1% Triton X-100) in which only the plasma membrane of host cells can be solubilized with minimal impact on bacteria and nuclei, and carefully optimized each centrifugation step.
A receptor complex comprising of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14 and MD-2 on the cell membrane of host immune cells binds LPS [8].
PH domain plays a role in recruiting proteins to the membrane of host cells, it is possible that the infectivity of the SVCV strains may be different [32].
This is consistent with the LIR motif predominantly restoring the depleted plasma membrane of host cells as virus particles bud, rather than contributing directly to the viral membrane.
WNV was previously illustrated to interact with filopodia, which is composed of a bundle of actin filaments, during the budding process at the plasma membrane of host cells [ 17].
A final difficulty with saltatory hypotheses involving host membrane rupture and resealing is that the mitochondrial inner membrane is likely of bacterial origin and the outer membrane of host origin (see below).
Similar(51)
PLY binds to cholesterol in the membranes of host cells and forms pores, often resulting in cell lysis [ 23- 25].
In the early phase of infection, the pathogen can interact with membranes of host cells, inject virulence determinants, and induce ruffling and internalization (Ogawa et al., 2008).
Similarly, phospholipases are important enzymes utilized by many pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, fungi and protozoans, to hydrolyze cell membranes of host cells [ 37- 41].
The strict lipophilic lifestyle of C. resistens is also linked with enzymatic functions of several predicted virulence factors, which probably ensure the availability of external fatty acids for growth by causing damage to membranes of host cells.
Therefore, some viruses are potentially contained within small invaginations in the plasma membranes of host cell that form the caveosome, which delivers virus particles to early endosomes within the infected cells [ 66].
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