Sentence examples for barrier of host from inspiring English sources

When successfully overcoming the first barrier of host defense, influenza virus will infect the lung epithelial cells and macrophages then activates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through distinct signaling pathways [ 42, 43].

Glycoproteins are the primary component of mucins that are secreted to form the protective barriers of host mucosal epithelial layers.

Macrophages are one of the first barriers of host defence against pathogens.

Once a pathogenic microorganism crosses the natural barrier of its host, it has to face a strong host immune response.

M. grisea is known to target stomata as a site for plant entry or break the formidable physical barrier of the host plant cuticle [32].

Such a low virus concentration is generally insufficient to breach the normal defence barrier of the host's airways and, hence, is unlikely to cause clinical infection in the affected individual.

Recent research implicates it in folic acid-mediated degeneration of the brain blood barrier of the host [ 87].

When the vaccine barrier creates a refuge behind the river, the low permeability of the barrier to host movement limits dispersal of the host population from the protected populations into the rabies endemic area and limits subsequent rabies epidemics.

Both of these strategies require a densely packed cell surface coat of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) that acts as a barrier, preventing access of host immunoglobulins to the plasma membrane (Schwede and Carrington, 2010).

Their surface carries specific tools designed to cross the barriers of their host cells.

These so called restriction factors constitute physical or functional barriers of the host cell to virus replication by interfering with specific steps of the viral life cycle.