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Exact(5)
The developed model can be used to optimize the GDL properties for designing porous medium with effective transport characteristics.
The homogenization concept is applied with replacing real medium with micro-voids by a homogeneous medium with effective material coefficients.
The latter are treated as an anisotropic dielectric medium with effective permittivity tensor governed by the corrugation depth, pitch and dielectric loading ratio 0 < γ < 1.
Due to the symmetry of this configuration the property (11) holds as if the conductors are inside a homogeneous medium with effective permeability and permittivity: c_{l} = pmfrac{1}{sqrt{ epsilon+1)(mu^{-1}+1)^{-1}epsilon_{0}mu_{0}}}.
The approach seeks to represent the nanowires and the BSTO substrate by an equivalent medium with effective properties inclusive of the average saturation magnetization, dynamic demagnetizing fields, and permittivity.
Similar(55)
The arbitrary volume that consists of ITO NWs and air can be regarded as an effective medium with an effective refractive index (n).
Since in this spectral region D < < λ the SiNW array can be considered as an effective optical medium with the effective refractive index neff.
While the wavelength of the wave is larger than the size of the unit cell of the Kagome honeycomb structure, the Kagome structure behaves as an equivalent medium with the effective orthotropic properties.
Given this, one might think that it is possible to describe a photonic crystal medium, for low dielectric contrast, as a homogeneous medium with an effective index.
In the photonic case a Bloch photon, near the bandgaps, can be considered as free, and be regarded as a refracted photon inside of a medium with an effective refractive index.
Light will interact with the NC array as a homogeneous medium with a suitable effective refractive index because the dimensions of the NCs are comparable to and less than the wavelength of visible light [11,14].
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