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Further investigations have confirmed that the beneficial effect of some anthocyanins on atherosclerosis is mediated by gut microbiota metabolites.
CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, the association with gut microbiota has been reported in recent few years, which is mediated by gut microbiota derived metabolites (Wang et al., 2011; Tang et al., 2013; Koeth et al., 2013).
To test the hypothesis that resistance to listeriosis could be mediated by gut microbiota, fecal matter was recovered from resistant C57BL/6 mice and used to repopulate the intestinal lumens of susceptible BALB/c/By mice.
This work was funded under the 7th Framework Programme by the European Commission: EU-FP7-ICT-224328-PredictAD (From patient data to personalized healthcare in Alzheimer's disease; PredictAD; to MO, JL and HS) and EU-FP7-KBBE-222639-ETHERPATHS (Characterization and modeling of dietary effects mediated by gut microbiota on lipid metabolism; ETHERPATHS; to MO).
These changes did not appear to be mediated by gut inflammation, specific enteric neurotransmitters or the autonomic nervous system, and it was hypothesized that microbial products acting on the central nervous system are likely to be involved, with butyrate being one potential candidate.
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Animal studies have shown probiotics to change pain perception mediated by the gut and inhibit gut contractile activity in rats [ 53- 59].
Anthocyanidin-3-glucoside promotes reverse cholesterol transport mediated by its gut microbiota metabolite, PCA.
Therefore, deficiencies in the SI function can substantially disrupt the intestinal physiology, a fact associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, weight loss, and immunological disorders mediated by altered gut microbiota.
Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition.
One of the possible mechanisms/pathways of nano-Se action could be mediated by the gut microbiota which could convert nano-Se into selenite, H2Se or Se-phosphate with the following synthesis of selenoproteins (Fig. 1).
The effect seems to be mediated by the gut hormone glucacon-like peptide-2.
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