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Transporters mediate the influx of nutrients and excretion of metabolites in mammalian cells, playing a key role in the regulation of metabolism.
Importantly, the absorptive epithelial cells lining the lumen of the small intestine, the enterocytes, express several membrane-associated proteins which mediate the influx of luminal cholesterol and its subsequent efflux at their apical and basolateral sides.
These transporters are integral membrane proteins that mediate the influx or efflux transport of drug metabolites across the membrane using active and passive mechanisms [ 35].
They mediate the influx of endogenous compounds such as bile salts, bilirubin glucuronides, thyroid hormones and steroid hormone metabolites, and clinically frequently used drugs like statins, HIV protease inhibitors, and the anti-cancer agents irinotecan or methotrexate [ 1- 5].
Culture studies reveal that AMPA/kainate and metabotropic receptors mediate the influx of calcium (Butt and Tutton, 1992; Patneau et al., 1994; Liu et al., 1997; Luyt et al., 2006).
Aquaporins are water-selective channel proteins that mediate the influx and efflux of water to and from the cell in response to changes in osmolarity.
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Human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1) is the high-affinity copper influx transporter in mammalian cells that also mediates the influx of cisplatin.
Inward-rectifying K+ channels (KIRC) mediates the influx of K+ on the plasma membrane and it selectively accumulates K+ over Na+ upon the plasma membrane hyperpolarization (Muller-Rober et al. 1995; Golldack et al. 2003).
Obtained results confirmed that the HCN2 channel indeed is mediating the influx of Ca2+ (Supplementary Figure S9A).
The release of cytokines and chemokines by these cells, in turn, mediates the influx of neutrophils into the lungs that occurs in response to infection.
In agreement with this postulation, barley HvNIP2 1 (Hvlike), like rice OsNIP2 1 (OsLsi1), was demonstrated to function in mediating the influx of silicic acid in roots [ 9, 10].
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