Hence, a "three-dimensional" wisdom scale, which, according to the habit of psychological measures, is designated "3D-WS". The cognitive aspect, for example, included the ability to understand human nature, perceive a situation clearly and make decisions despite ambiguity and uncertainty.
Therefore, the scores for these measures were designated as "endogenous variables" (outcomes).
The PANSS and MADRS assess symptoms, and the BACS-SCT measures processing speed deficits which are assumed to be more direct or proximal manifestations of schizophrenia; therefore, the scores for these measures were designated as "exogenous variables" (predictors) in this study.
The strain gauges were applied at four places the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual sides of the implant and the strains they measured were designated as strain M, D, B, and L, respectively (Fig. 5).
The difference between these two measures (PQ1 – PQ2) was designated DΔ.
Each indicator (questionnaire item) was constrained to load onto the factor it was designated to measure and residual terms for all indicators were fixed to be uncorrelated.
The TSQM-9 was developed due to the need for using a measure of treatment satisfaction that was designated to minimize interference in routine clinical care in the context of naturalistic study designs.
