It is assumed that the delayed measurements are characterized by Bernoulli random variables.
The quality of the cost measurements was characterized by an apparent lack of tradition using economic methodology.
The measurement noise components associated with the M link measurements are characterized by ({mathbf {e}}_{t}sim {mathcal {N}}({mathbf {0}},{mathbf {R}}_{t})), where ({mathbf {R}}_{t} = {mathbf {R}} = {sigma _{e}^{2}}{mathbf {I}}_{M}).
The set of N measurements is characterized by an expectation value 〈 r 〉 α and a root mean square dispersion ( Δ r ) α, 〈 r 〉 α = 1 Γ 3 ( 1 + α ) ∫ − ∞ ∞ r α | ψ α ( r, t ) | 2 ( d r ) α. (5.22).
Transmittance and reflectance measurements are characterized by a sharp absorption edge corresponding to a direct band gap transition of 2.41 eV.
The censored measurements are described by the Tobit measurement model and the fading measurements are characterized by the Lth-order Rice fading channel model capable of accounting for not only the packet dropout but also the communication phenomenon.
