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For the 28 subjects who participated in the experimental period, mean stimulation frequency was 120.4 ± 15.5 Hz (range: 80 180) and mean pulse width 389.7 ± 75.4 μs (range: 244 480).
Finally, the influence of both mean stimulation frequency and past SOA on the shape of the average response is summarized in Figure 9D.
Although these single-event transient responses are not directly accessible in steady-state stimulation sequences, they might be indirectly estimated from jittered stimulation sequences with a mean stimulation frequency close to the steady-state rate of interest.
Furthermore, absolute speeding to a single twin pulse (ISI 50 ms) is also likely to be present in sympathetic nerve fibers of human and rat since recovery cycles of conduction velocity in sympathetic nerve fibers in these species show an increase in conduction velocity at interspike intervals below 150 ms regardless of mean stimulation frequency [26], [11].
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07192.018 The mean stimulation frequency remained low during excitatory on-off control in the presence of CNQX or AP5; CNQX: 0.72 and 0.19 Hz, AP5: 0.21 and 0.71 Hz).
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For the control condition we chose an interpulse interval (IPI) which is unlikely to evoke changes in pathway connectivity but which still meant stimulation involved the same number of pulses at the exact same frequency and in the same order.
For example, following stimulation of the climbing fibre pathway in the rat cerebellum, Offenhauser et al. (2005) reported a high correlation between the sum of LFPs (i.e. ΣLFP = mean LFP amplitude × stimulation frequency) and the slope of the initial decrease.
We then evaluated how the shape of the stimulus-locked average response is influenced by both global (i.e. mean) and local (i.e. instantaneous) stimulation frequency.
Briefly, the shape of the average ERP produced by an entrainment mechanism is expected to change as a function of both global (i.e. mean) and local (i.e. immediate) stimulation frequency.
The simulation of the effects of both global (i.e. mean) and local (i.e. immediate) stimulation frequency on the shape of the average transient response are shown in Figure 9. Figure 9A exemplifies the response elicited by a jittered stimulation sequence under the two studied situations, oscillatory entrainment and superposition of a "fixed" transient response.
Probability (D ) and latency (E ) of light-evoked spikes from serotonergic neurons as a function of stimulation frequency (filled points are means across neurons).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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