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The geometric mean primary particle size obtained at 1 wt.% doping was approximately 47 nm compared to approximately 33 nm obtained at 15 wt.% doping.
The images show strongly agglomerated particles with mean primary particle diameters in the range of 10 100 nm, depending on the experimental conditions.
Mean "primary" particle diameters were found to be in the range of 13 47 nm, increasing with TMA concentration and sampling position (increasing residence time).
For the obtained loose agglomerated particle structures, the particle sizes at late crank angles measured by TR-LII are in excellent agreement with the TEM-determined mean primary particle sizes in the exhaust gas.
By fitting calculated TR-LII cooling curves to the measured signals, it was possible to determine the mean primary particle diameter and the geometric standard deviation of the in-cylinder particles for an assumed lognormal size distribution.
A Dirac delta is used as a seed for the agglomerate size function whose magnitude depends on the soot volume concentration and the mean primary particle size at each engine operation condition.
Similar(53)
The degree of disorder of graphene layers (RS analysis bands), fringe interspace distance (∼1.5 nm with XRD, and ∼0.46 nm with HRTEM), fringe length (∼2.5 4 nm with XRD, and ∼0.9 nm with HRTEM), median fringe tortuosity (∼1.1), mean primary particles diameter (∼25 nm), and fractal dimension (∼2.3) were similar for all soot samples.
We obtained ultrafine TiO2 (ufTiO2; average primary particle size, 15 nm) and fine TiO2 (fTiO2; mean diameter, 0.14μm, determined by transmission electron microscopy) from Sigma.
Mean primary soot particle diameter and mean aggregate size at the location of measurement were determined using the technique of thermophoretic sampling/transmission electron microscopy analysis.
For computing the turbidity spectrum, we constructed a model including primary crystals whose distributions were parameterized by mean and standard deviation, and also including aggregates consisting of mean sized primary particles, parameterized just by mean aggregate size.
In terms of the mean temperature, soot volume fraction, primary soot particle number density, primary soot aggregate number density, mean number of primary particle per aggregate, mean radius of soot aggregate, and mean primary soot particle diameter, the predicted profiles agreed reasonably well with the experimental data.
Related(16)
average primary particle
mean primary production
mean primary dormancy
mean primary diameter
mean primary baseline
mean primary care
mean primary displacement
mean primary tumour
mean primary health
mean primary size
mean primary tumor
mean primary soot
mean primary patency
mean primary index
mean primary service
mean primary stream
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