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The hydrophilicity, porosity, pure water flux, mean effective pore size and breaking strength of these prepared membranes increased with increasing the HBPE content.
In these membranes, the finger-like structure was replaced by the sponge-like structure, and the porosity, pure water flux, mean effective pore size and breaking strength of these prepared membranes increased with increasing the temperature of the coagulation bath.
In addition to exhibiting a higher rejection of divalent anions than monovalent anions, and a lower rejection of divalent cations at pH 7.0, the newly developed NF dual-layer hollow fiber membranes with methanol as additive has a relatively high pure water permeability of 11.93 l m−2 bar−1 h−1 with a mean effective pore radius of 0.63 nm.
When the spinneret temperature was increased from 25 °C to 50 °C, the mean effective pore radius and the pure water permeability were simultaneously decreased, which was due to the formation of a denser surface skin and a more compact interface between the two layers.
To design NF membranes with a narrow pore size suitable for the PEI cross-linking modification, a critical mean effective pore radius (rp) of 1.5 nm was found for the substrates and the resultant PEI cross-linked membrane can be used effectively for heavy metal removal.
Moreover, the NF properties studied revealed that the optimized BHAC PIP composite membrane having a mean effective pore radius of 0.44 nm and molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 570 Da exhibits high efficiencies for many NF applications including rejection of divalent cations, removal of basic dyes and selective separation of mixed cations.
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Figure 6 represents the calculation of effective oxygen diffusivity of concrete which means diffusivity with effective pore due to moisture.
Cyclic mobility occurred due to dilation at low level mean effective confining pressure, where the pore pressure decreased and the mean effective confining pressure temporarily regained as the stress path passed the PTL.
Curves showing decay of the pore fluid pressure with time, the corresponding change in mean effective stress and the variation of displacement, are plotted in non-dimensional form.
The effect of gas slippage on permeability was reported by Klinkenberg (1941), in which the effective pore size r slip was larger than ten times the mean free path length of gas molecules, λ.
These results underscore the importance of excess pore water pressure in reducing the ultimate pile capacity by reducing the mean effective stress during shearing at the pile-soil interface level.
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mean effective porosity
mean effective pressure
mean effective radius
mean effective plasma
mean effective confining
mean effective diameter
mean effective control
mean effective stress
mean effective duration
mean effective radiation
mean effective dose
mean effective lens
mean effective Pressure
mean effective energy
mean effective protection
mean effective bankruptcy
mean effective density
mean effective concentration
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