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Exact(6)
( phi_{text{m}} ) is the maximum particle volume fraction whose value is determined experimentally.
The maximum particle volume fraction (0.74) was attained for a mixture having 67% of coarse particles.
Two different particle rheology models are tested in combination with two different values of the maximum particle volume fraction.
where ϕm is the maximum particle volume fraction and is the intrinsic viscosity, whose typical value for monodisperse suspensions of hard spheres is 2.5.
Regarding the model, to take into account the maximum packing density, Liu proposed a model to estimate the theoretically maximum particle volume fractions ( ϕ max ) that are allowable for a given suspension at which the concrete viscosity approaches infinity.
Therefore, it can be concluded that for the present work, which has a maximum particle volume concentration of 0.25 vol.%, the bias that may occur due to the variation in the refractive index of the sample is negligible.
Similar(54)
Nevertheless, for the case of the heterogeneous fluid model, we can note that the Nusselt is more enhanced and reach a maximum for particle volume fraction of 5%.
Once the data are converted into the expression of particle volume, the maximum value is found with 1.9 μm particles instead of nanoparticles.
Figure 5 Nanoparticle fraction effect on heat transfer ( a = 0, A = 1, R T = 10 5 ). Figure 5 shows also, for the classical homogeneous nanofluid model case, that the numerical and analytical results are in good agreement and the maximum Nusselt is reached for particle volume fraction of 2%.
This study introduces an inter-particle spacing parameter, δ, based on particle size (D), particle volume fraction and maximum particle fraction (ϕm).
The last model was provided by Chong and Baer (1971) predicting the relative viscosity as a function of particle volume fraction and maximum packing fraction, which is defined as following: η r = 1 + 0.75 ϕ ϕ max 1 - ϕ ϕ max 2 (8).
Related(20)
maximum gas volume
maximum air volume
maximum particle sizes
maximum particle velocity
maximum particle passage
maximum particle jump
maximum nectar volume
maximum lending volume
maximum particle energy
maximum particle interlock
maximum particle suspension
maximum particle level
maximum particle entrainment
maximum injection volume
maximum particle impact
maximum sharing volume
maximum particle density
maximum particle flux
maximum particle incorporation
maximum particle size
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com