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These include the suggestion that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are differentially involved in exogenous vs. endogenous attentional orienting [4], first order vs. higher order executive functions [5], [6], [7], and the active maintenance vs. the controlled manipulation of items in working memory [8], [9].
Through the investigation of fMRI and neuropsychological deficits, there is increasing convergent evidence for the notion that DPC is involved in the storage and manipulation of items held in working memory (Jonides et al. 1998; Koenigs et al. 2009).
The authors argued that the Letter-Number Sequencing task was more taxing of executive processes and thus, that COMT genotype is more closely related to the manipulation of items in working memory than to maintenance.
We therefore hypothesized that any associations with COMT genotype would be most pronounced in tasks requiring the active maintenance of a stable representation rather than the dynamic updating and manipulation of items stored in working memory.
The working memory measures employed in the present study differed in the degree to which accurate task performance depended upon either the dynamic updating and/or manipulation of items in working memory, as in the spatial span and spatial working memory tasks, or upon the stable maintenance of representations, as in the delay-match to-sample task.
The present results suggest an alternative interpretation; here there was an association between COMT and performance on the DMTS task, which relies on successful working memory maintenance, but not with the SP or SWM tasks, which place greater executive demands on the updating and manipulation of items.
Similar(54)
Non-sanctioned auditors are expected to constrain the manipulation of extraordinary items more than sanctioned auditors are.
The first one was the manipulation of the items in the pre-test on lexical, grammatical, and structural knowledge, after which an "information page" providing information needed for the learners to complete this part was distributed to the learners for take-home study.
DLPFC activity has foremost been found in studies that required the manipulation of relevant items in memory [ 20, 28].
Begin adding a number sentence to the manipulation of the items.
Not to mention the lies spouted about: the Petrobras scandal, the government's ability to control inflation, the manipulation of prices of essential items like gasoline, while accusing the opposition of being out to destroy the country.
Related(14)
modification of items
manipulation of materials
manipulation of material
manipulation of property
manipulation of benchmarks
manipulation of soldiers
manipulation of colours
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manipulation of meters
manipulation of data
manipulation of hemlines
manipulation of readers
manipulation of photographs
manipulation of officials
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com