Allele size heterogeneity in sperm showed normal two-tailed distribution with a lower tail extending back down in the normal size range [ 57].
But beneath the surface calm of lower spreads and lower tail risks, the eurozone's fundamental problems remain unresolved.
The two species are notable for the very long upper and lower tail coverts that almost conceal the tail.
And human capital would be expanding by having schools focus on the long lower tail of under-achievement instead of meeting targets which cause schools to focus on pushing marginal students over arbitrary thresholds.
The lower tail of satisfies (1.36).
Let Φ be the standard normal distribution function lower tail.
Otherwise, there is upper or lower tail independence.
Let F denote a distribution function lower tail, 1−F the upper tail.
It implies as well the bounds (1.26)–(1.29) for the lower tail.
Frank copulas exhibit zero value for the lower tail and upper tail coefficients.
Moreover, it offers a wide range of extremal dependence strength, allowing for upper and lower tail dependence.
