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We tackled this problem by constructing a latent reference standard and then using it to develop and evaluate logistic regression and recursive partitioning models of administrative data variables.
Nevertheless, the approach of constructing a latent reference standard against which model-based algorithms were evaluated may be useful for validating administrative data in other contexts where there lacks a gold standard.
In this analysis, HC2 sensitivity showed the greatest change (gain) among the three tests comparing the conventional results to those using the latent reference standard with class three defining disease.
However the novel approach that we have employed, constructing a latent reference standard against which model-based algorithms were evaluated, may be useful for validating administrative data in other contexts where gold standards are unavailable.
The objectives of this study were to develop model-based algorithms to identify screening colonoscopies in health administrative databases, to evaluate their accuracy against a latent reference standard, and to compare their accuracies to that from a previously developed algorithm based on expert opinion.
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Further, synthetic latent print reference pads were evaluated as mimics of natural fingermark residue to determine if the pads could be used for method development and quality control.
Based on analyses of large test batteries administered to individuals ranging from young to old, four latent variables, or reference abilities (RAs) that capture the majority of the variance in age-related cognitive change have been identified: episodic memory, fluid reasoning, perceptual speed, and vocabulary.
In this analysis, however, the latent class-derived reference standard was used as the measure of "true" disease.
In psychiatry the situation is different; theories and constructs employ latent variables rather than reference to unobservables.
Latent ability of the reference group was generated from N 0, 1) and latent ability of the focal group was generated from N 0, 1) and N −1, 0) to make the two levels of the impact factor.
This phenomenon is related to the so-called tumour dormancy, a reference to latent cancer cells.
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disguised reference
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covert reference
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frozen reference
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latent value
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com