Sentence examples for lanthanide from inspiring English sources
noun
Any of the 14 rare earth elements from cerium (or from lanthanum) to lutetium in the periodic table; because their outermost orbitals are empty, they have very similar chemistry; below them are the actinides.
Promethium (Pm), chemical element, the only rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table not found in nature on Earth.
Europium (Eu), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table.
A few of the lanthanide ions with unpaired 4f electrons have electronic transitions that give intense and sharp colours when activated by electrons or photons and are used in televisions that use cathode-ray tubes, optical displays, and fluorescent lighting; these are Eu3+ (red), Eu2+ (blue), Tb3+ (green), and Tm3+ (blue).
Yttria, the first rare earth to be discovered, turned out to be a mixture of oxides from which, over a span of more than a century, nine elements yttrium, scandium (atomic number 21), and the heavy lanthanide metals from terbium (atomic number 65) to lutetium (atomic number 71)—were separated.
By introducing a complexing agent, separation is possible; if the strength of the R3+ ion-complex of neighbouring lanthanide ions varies sufficiently from one rare earth to another, the separation will occur.
Moseley's experimental studies verified the existence of 13 of these elements and showed that the 14th lanthanide must be element 61 and lie between neodymium and samarium.
The non-lanthanide rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium, are 29th and 44th, respectively, in their abundances.
The C-type structure is found for heavy lanthanides as well as for Sc2O3 and Y2O3.
Xenotime is a phosphate mineral, similar to monazite except enriched in the heavy lanthanides and yttrium.
Of the Jiangxi deposits, the clays located near Longnan are quite rich in the heavy lanthanides and yttrium.
A useful compromise is to compress the period of 32 elements into 18 spaces by listing the 14 lanthanoids (also called lanthanides) and the 14 actinoids (also called actinides) in a special double row below the other periods.
