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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
instrument or instruments
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "instrument or instruments" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to a single tool or multiple tools, particularly in contexts related to music, science, or legal documents. Example: "The study requires the use of an instrument or instruments to collect accurate data."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Encyclopedias
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
11 human-written examples
A transcription is essentially the adaptation of a composition for an instrument or instruments other than those for which it was originally written.
Encyclopedias
He did not specify what instrument or instruments he was writing for: the fugues are notated on four separate musical staffs.
News & Media
The third movements of concertos, with the reversions of the tutti or ritornello (passage for full orchestra) and the intervening episodes for the solo instrument or instruments, are also of this type, as occasionally are large operatic arias.
Encyclopedias
The use of margin as a risk management tool requires the member to provide collateral against a deposit requirement designed to protect the clearing house against default caused by a significant movement in the price of an instrument or instruments.
The necessary conditions consist of finding a theoretically appropriate instrument or instruments related to the research questions.
Outlining the new policy, she said "I want to decentralise... the choice of instrument, or instruments' mix, is up to member states, co-operating at regional level".
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
49 human-written examples
The most ideal instrument or instrument system is discussed.
The Cragg-Donald F-statistic is used to test for weak instruments or instruments that are not highly correlated with an equation's right-hand side endogenous variable.
Science
Nonetheless, it can also be applied for the detection of ULF waves observed within different frequency regimes, waves recorded using ground-based instruments or instruments onboard satellites (independently of whether satellite data is rotated into a field-aligned coordinate system).
Science
We excluded generic instruments or instruments developed for use with other illness populations in order to focus on describing disability specifically from the experience of adults living with HIV.
Including generic instruments or instruments that do not measure the intended concept in the most appropriate manner in the late stages of product development is unlikely to result in labeling claims.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "instrument or instruments" when you want to indicate that either a single instrument or multiple instruments are acceptable or relevant within the context.
Common error
Avoid using "instrument or instruments" when the context already makes it clear that both single and multiple instruments are possible. In such cases, using just "instrument" may be sufficient.
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "instrument or instruments" functions as a noun phrase, specifically employing a disjunction to indicate that either a singular noun ("instrument") or its plural form ("instruments") is acceptable. This is supported by Ludwig, which confirms the phrase's usability in written English.
Frequent in
Science
35%
News & Media
20%
Encyclopedias
15%
Less common in
Academia
10%
Wiki
10%
Formal & Business
10%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "instrument or instruments" is a grammatically correct and usable expression, as confirmed by Ludwig. It is primarily used to indicate that either a single instrument or multiple instruments are acceptable or relevant. The phrase's usage is most common in scientific, news media, and encyclopedic contexts. While alternatives such as "tool or tools" and "device or devices" exist, the specific choice depends on the context. When using the phrase, ensure it adds clarity and avoids redundancy, maintaining a focus on precision, especially in formal or scientific writing.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
tool or tools
Replaces "instrument" with "tool", offering a more general term for implements.
device or devices
Substitutes "instrument" with "device", suitable when referring to technical apparatus.
implement or implements
Uses "implement" as a more formal synonym for "instrument".
apparatus or equipment
Offers broader terms encompassing multiple types of instruments.
mechanism or mechanisms
Replaces "instrument" with "mechanism", highlighting the functional aspect.
machine or machines
Substitutes "instrument" with "machine", focusing on mechanical devices.
gadget or gadgets
Uses "gadget" for simpler, often electronic, instruments.
utensil or utensils
Offers "utensil", which is suitable when referring to cooking or eating instruments.
contrivance or contrivances
Replaces "instrument" with a more elaborate and sometimes ingenious device.
contraption or contraptions
Substitutes with "contraption" for a complex or strange-looking instrument.
FAQs
How can I use "instrument or instruments" in a sentence?
You can use "instrument or instruments" when referring to a single tool or multiple tools, particularly in contexts related to music, science, or legal documents. For example: "The study requires the use of an "instrument or instruments" to collect accurate data."
What are some alternatives to "instrument or instruments"?
Depending on the context, you can use alternatives like "tool or tools", "device or devices", or "implement or implements".
Is there a difference between using "instrument" and "instrument or instruments"?
Using "instrument" typically refers to a single item, while "instrument or instruments" explicitly includes the possibility of using one or more instruments. The latter is useful when the quantity is uncertain or both singular and plural forms are applicable.
When is it best to use the phrase "instrument or instruments"?
It's best to use "instrument or instruments" when you want to emphasize that either a single instrument or multiple instruments are acceptable or relevant. This avoids ambiguity and ensures the reader understands that either option is valid.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested