Free-trade policies have not, by themselves, succeeded anywhere as modernisation theorists assumed they would.Earlier versions of populism had many problems, but did help several countries industrialise to a level where more export-oriented industrialisation could take place.
They hope their dollars will encourage people working with what are now, essentially, craft technologies to think about how they might industrialise them.Several techniques look ripe for such industrialisation.
"They don't know how many drilling sites there will be in the Fylde, whether it will industrialise the area".
Japan, the first Asian country to industrialise, would lead the way.
It was the first Asian economy to industrialise, and the emerging Asian tigers Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and later China merely followed in its tracks.
In particular, we need to reverse the decline in productivity, improve success rates for regulatory approval and deliver medicines that add more than incrementally to a physician's capabilities.In the past the problem of R&D in big pharmaceutical companies has been "fixed" by spending more and by using scale to "industrialise" the research process.
The cyclical nature of scientific discovery has played its part, as has the industry's misguided belief that it could "industrialise" the R&D process.
If their products can be traded across borders, then foreign rivals can compete with them at home.As countries industrialise and diversify, their exports grow, which sometimes results in a trade surplus.
BROADLY, the lessons learnt from the 1930s by the governments of developed countries were that high unemployment risked political devastation; that it was a delusion to think that governments should—or could sit on their hands during recessions; and that central planning had helped both Hitler and Stalin to industrialise and create jobs.
He urges India to "industrialise in a cleaner way".
And China cannot industrialise itself from scratch again.On top of that there are signs that the march of technology may be making it harder to catch up.
