indirect surveillance

USAGE SUMMARY

"indirect surveillance" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to refer to observing a person or a situation without that person or situation being aware that they are being watched. For example, "The police used indirect surveillance to better understand the suspect's movements."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

2 human-written examples

Reservoir monitoring methods enable engineers to conduct either direct or indirect surveillance to gather the required data.

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

Finally, the study of donors at risk could serve as indirect surveillance for asymptomatic infections and could play an important role in detecting autochthonous malaria transmission in the United States (5) or Spain where local anopheline vectors exist.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

57 human-written examples

Transfusion services can employ indirect measures such as surveillance, hemovigilance, and donor questioning (defense), protein-, or nucleic acid based direct testing (detection), or pathogen inactivation of blood products (destruction) as strategies to mitigate the risk of transmission-transmitted infection.

Transfusion Medicine Reviews

Use of different methods, including attributable proportion extrapolation, population-based surveillance, and indirect modeling, in several recent studies has considerably improved norovirus disease incidence estimates for the United States.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

These studies can be broadly grouped on the basis of methods into the following categories: attributable proportion extrapolation, laboratory-confirmed population-based surveillance, and indirect attribution from regression modeling.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Military Intelligence Firm: A firm that procures intelligence through direct or indirect interrogation, aerial or ground surveillance, or decoding and analyzing data.

Huffington Post

Public health surveillance thus incorporates indirect measures of disease caused by influenza.

Emerging Infectious Diseases

This indicates that the dephosphorylation of Cdk1 substrates causes the direct or indirect dissolution of mitotic checkpoint surveillance and highlights cyclin B as a key APC/CCdc20 substrate for this regulation at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition.

Current Biology

We assessed efficacy of PCV7 using data on cases of IPD from active surveillance and applying the indirect cohort design proposed by Broome, comparing cases of IPD with a vaccine serotype with cases with a non-vaccine serotype.

Vaccine

Finally, we provided a concise measurement of direct costs and effectiveness of the two surveillance strategies without considering indirect costs and costs of HCC diagnosis and treatment (Cucchetti et al, 2013).

British Journal of Cancer

In the future, it will be important to identify these additional substrates whose phosphoregulation confers direct or indirect Cdk1 control over mitotic checkpoint surveillance and the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments.

Current Biology

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "indirect surveillance", ensure the context clearly defines what is being observed and how the observation is conducted without direct interaction. For example, specify the methods or technologies used to gather information discreetly.

Common error

Avoid using "indirect surveillance" as a blanket term for all types of monitoring. Be specific about the methods employed and the nature of the data collected to prevent misinterpretations.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "indirect surveillance" functions as a noun phrase, where "indirect" modifies "surveillance". As confirmed by Ludwig, it describes a method of observation where the subject is unaware of being watched.

Expression frequency: Rare

Frequent in

Science

60%

News & Media

30%

Wiki

10%

Less common in

Formal & Business

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "indirect surveillance" refers to a method of monitoring where the subject is unaware of being observed. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness and usability in written English. While considered rare in frequency, it appears in contexts such as science and news media. When using "indirect surveillance", it's important to specify the methods and data collected to avoid overgeneralization. Alternatives include "covert monitoring" and "unobtrusive observation". Understanding the subtle differences will enhance clarity and precision in your writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

covert monitoring

Focuses on the hidden nature of the monitoring activity.

unobtrusive observation

Emphasizes the lack of disruption caused by the observation.

undercover surveillance

Highlights the secrecy and potential deception involved.

remote monitoring

Indicates monitoring from a distance, without necessarily implying secrecy.

passive surveillance

Stresses the lack of active intervention in the monitoring process.

hidden observation

Similar to covert monitoring, but puts more emphasis on the hidden aspect.

discreet monitoring

Underscores the need for caution and confidentiality.

surreptitious observation

Emphasizes the stealthy nature of the observation.

veiled observation

Suggests that the observation is partially concealed.

implicit monitoring

Monitoring activities which are not clearly stated or expressed.

FAQs

How can I effectively use "indirect surveillance" in a sentence?

To effectively use "indirect surveillance", ensure you clearly define the subject being observed and the methods used to gather information without direct interaction. For example, "The study employed "indirect surveillance" methods to monitor wildlife populations through camera traps".

What are some alternatives to "indirect surveillance"?

Depending on the context, alternatives to "indirect surveillance" include "covert monitoring", "unobtrusive observation", or "remote monitoring".

Is "indirect surveillance" a formal or informal term?

"Indirect surveillance" is generally considered a neutral term suitable for both formal and informal contexts, depending on the subject matter. It is frequently used in scientific and news reporting.

What distinguishes "indirect surveillance" from direct surveillance?

"Indirect surveillance" involves gathering information without directly interacting with or alerting the subject, whereas direct surveillance involves overt monitoring and interaction with the subject.